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The auditory cortex is composed of fields that differ from each other in both structure and function. [19] The number of fields varies in different species, from as few as 2 in rodents to as many as 15 in the rhesus monkey. The number, location, and organization of fields in the human auditory cortex are not known at this time.
This tonotopy then projects through the vestibulocochlear nerve and associated midbrain structures to the primary auditory cortex via the auditory radiation pathway. Throughout this radiation, organization is linear with relation to placement on the organ of Corti, in accordance to the best frequency response (that is, the frequency at which ...
Top: The auditory cortex of the monkey (left) and human (right) is schematically depicted on the supratemporal plane and observed from above (with the parieto- frontal operculi removed). Bottom: The brain of the monkey (left) and human (right) is schematically depicted and displayed from the side.
Tinnitus is usually subjective, meaning that the sounds the person hears are not detectable by means currently available to physicians and hearing technicians. [3] Subjective tinnitus has also been called "tinnitus aurium", "non-auditory", or "non-vibratory" tinnitus. In rare cases, tinnitus can be heard by someone else using a stethoscope.
The primary auditory cortex lies medially in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain. [7] It is responsible for receiving signals from the medial geniculate nucleus . Within the primary auditory cortex, the auditosensory cortex extends posteromedially over the gyrus. [ 2 ]
Tinnitus is not a disease but a symptom that can result from a number of underlying causes. One of the most common causes is noise-induced hearing loss . Other causes include: ear infections , disease of the heart or blood vessels , Ménière's disease , brain tumors , emotional stress , exposure to certain medications, a previous head injury ...
The superior temporal gyrus also includes Wernicke's area, which (in most people) is located in the left hemisphere. It is the major area involved in the comprehension of language. The superior temporal gyrus is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition. [2] [3]
The name 'cochlea' is derived from the Latin word for snail shell, which in turn is from the Ancient Greek κοχλίας kokhlias ("snail, screw"), and from κόχλος kokhlos ("spiral shell") [4] in reference to its coiled shape; the cochlea is coiled in mammals with the exception of monotremes.