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Ezra was worthy of being the vehicle of the Torah, had it not been already given through Moses. [2] The Torah was forgotten, but Ezra restored it. [3] Were it not for its sins, Israel in the time of Ezra would have witnessed miracles as in the time of Joshua. [4] Ezra was the disciple of Baruch ben Neriah.
Ezra (fl. fifth or fourth century BCE) [1] [a] [b] is the main character of the Book of Ezra. According to the Hebrew Bible, he was an important Jewish scribe and priest in the early Second Temple period. In the Greek Septuagint, the name is rendered as Ésdrās (Ἔσδρας), from which the Latin name Esdras comes.
The Book of Ezra is a book of the Hebrew Bible which formerly included the Book of Nehemiah in a single book, commonly distinguished in scholarship as Ezra–Nehemiah.The two became separated with the first printed rabbinic bibles of the early 16th century, following late medieval Latin Christian tradition. [1]
Lester Grabbe (2003), based on various factors including the type of Aramaic used in the youngest sections and the ignorance of Ezra–Nehemiah as a single book displayed by other Hellenistic Jewish writers, suggests that the two texts were combined, with some final editing, in the Ptolemaic period, c. 300 – c. 200 BCE. [2]: 320
Under Ezra, Torah reading became more frequent and the congregation themselves substituted for the King's role. According to one source, Ezra initiated the modern custom of reading thrice weekly in the synagogue. [2] This reading is an obligation incumbent on the congregation, not an individual, and did not replace the Hakhel reading by the king.
In his seminal Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels, Julius Wellhausen argues that Judaism as a religion based on widespread observance Torah law first emerged in 444 BCE when, according to the biblical account provided in the Book of Nehemiah (chapter 8), a priestly scribe named Ezra reads a copy of the Mosaic Torah before the populace of Judea ...
The Torah (/ ˈ t ɔːr ə / or / ˈ t oʊ r ə /; [1] Biblical Hebrew: תּוֹרָה Tōrā, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. [2] The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch (/ ˈ p ɛ n t ə tj uː k /) or ...
The Neo-Babylonian Empire under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II occupied the Kingdom of Judah between 597–586 BCE and destroyed the First Temple in Jerusalem. [3] According to the Hebrew Bible, the last king of Judah, Zedekiah, was forced to watch his sons put to death, then his own eyes were put out and he was exiled to Babylon (2 Kings 25).