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The Archaeologist Manual for Conservation - A Guide to Non-toxic, Minimal Intervention Artifact Stabilization, New York 2004. La Niece, S. and Craddock, P. Metal Plating and Patination: Cultural, Technical and Historical Developments, Boston 1993.
Water causes damage and results from natural occurrences, technological hazards, or mechanical failures. Many cases of water damage can be traced to accidents or neglect. "A great many of the materials that museum objects are made of are highly susceptible to contact with water and can be severely damaged by even brief contact, while others may be exposed to water for longer periods without harm.
A museum should carefully monitor the condition of collections to determine when an artifact requires conservation work and the services of a qualified conservator. Work of preventive conservation in a rock wall with prehistoric paintings at the Serra da Capivara National Park. The work consists of filling the cracks to prevent the ...
When cleaning and alkalization alone are not sufficient to stabilize the artifact, conservators may opt to repair and restore the materials. Mending and filling techniques for paper include narrow strips of torn Japanese tissue adhered with a reversible non-staining adhesive such as starch paste or methyl cellulose .
Derveni krater, bronze, 350 BC, height: 90.5 cm (35 1 ⁄ 2 in.), Inv. B1, Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, after cleaning and conservation. Conservation and restoration of metals is the activity devoted to the protection and preservation of historical (religious, artistic, technical and ethnographic) and archaeological objects made partly or entirely of metal.
The reasons to restore a building most frequently fall into five main categories. [23] Value - Buildings hold intrinsic value not only in the history of the building, how it was used, but also how it was built. Historic buildings, notably pre-WWII, are built with higher quality materials and built under different standards than modern buildings.
Structural repair to wooden artifacts, as with the conservation of any artifact, should be as unobtrusive as possible. One method for mending separated pieces of wooden artifacts is the use of hot or liquid hide glue. [25] To reverse warping of wooden artifacts, conservators often treat artifacts using pressure.
Looting is often the main source of artifacts that enter into the antiquities market, in which objects are sold domestically or exported internationally. In the United States, there are laws for the protection of archaeological sites that contain penalties for those who choose to loot or cause disturbances. [ 10 ]