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The reduction reaction is analogous to the iodine reduction reaction. Treatment of tapwater requires between 0.1 and 0.3 grams of pentahydrated (crystalline) sodium thiosulfate per 10 L of water [citation needed]. Many animals are sensitive to chloramine, and it must be removed from water given to many animals in zoos. [citation needed]
The relevant reaction is akin to the iodine reaction: thiosulfate reduces the hypochlorite (the active ingredient in bleach) and in so doing becomes oxidized to sulfate. The complete reaction is: 4 NaClO + Na 2 S 2 O 3 + 2 NaOH → 4 NaCl + 2 Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 O. Similarly, sodium thiosulfate reacts with bromine, removing the free bromine from ...
For example, the label of a household bleach product may specify "5% sodium hypochlorite by weight." That would mean that 1 kilogram of the product contains 0.05 × 1000 g = 50 g of NaClO. A typical oxidation reaction is the conversion of iodide I − to elemental iodine I 2. The relevant reactions are NaClO + 2 H + + 2 I − → NaCl + H 2 O ...
In dilute aqueous solution, chloramine is prepared by the reaction of ammonia with sodium hypochlorite: [5] NH 3 + NaOCl → NH 2 Cl + NaOH. This reaction is also the first step of the Olin Raschig process for hydrazine synthesis. The reaction has to be carried out in a slightly alkaline medium (pH 8.5–11).
At low pH, the following reaction might occur with thiosulfate: S 2 O 2− 3 + 2 H + → SO 2 + S + H 2 O. Some reactions involving certain reductants are reversible at certain pH, thus the pH of the sample solution should be carefully adjusted before performing the analysis. For example, the reaction: H 3 AsO 3 + I 2 + H 2 O → H 3 AsO 4 + 2 ...
Inorganic chloramines are produced by the reaction of ammonia and hypochlorous acid or chlorine. An urban legend claims that mixing household bleach (aqueous sodium hypochlorite) with ammonia-based cleaners releases chlorine gas or mustard gas; in reality, the gas produced by the reaction is a mixture of inorganic chloramines.
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water. In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. [1] [2] [3]
Aside from using sodium thiosulfate as a substrate, cysteine can also be used. [2] Iodide from potassium iodide is converted to iodine in the first reaction: 2 I − + 2 H + + H 2 O 2 → I 2 + 2 H 2 O The iodine produced in the first reaction is reduced back to iodide by the reducing agent, cysteine. At the same time, cysteine is oxidized into ...