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Metronome mark This notation is used to precisely define the tempo of the music by assigning an absolute duration to each beat. This example indicates a tempo of 120 quarter notes (crotchets) per minute. Many publishers precede the marking with letters "M.M.", referring to Maelzel's Metronome. This is a tempo marking, not a time signature—it ...
A metronome (from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron) 'measure' and νόμος (nómos) 'law') is a device that produces an audible click or other sound at a uniform interval that can be set by the user, typically in beats per minute (BPM). Metronomes may also include synchronized visual motion, such as a swinging pendulum or a blinking light.
A metronome mark may be placed immediately after the time signature if the time signature is part-way through the music, or below it if the time signature is at the beginning. If present, this will be identical to the metronome marks used in Western music (this is the only place in numbered notation where Western symbols for note values such as ...
Composers may use expressive marks to adjust the tempo: Accelerando – speeding up (abbreviation: accel.); the opposite of ritardando. It is defined by gradually increasing the tempo until the next tempo mark is noted. It is either marked by a dashed line or simply its abbreviation. Affrettando – speeding up with a suggestion of anxiety [24]
A rehearsal letter, sometimes referred to as rehearsal marks, [1] [2] rehearsal figures, [3] or rehearsal numbers, is a boldface letter of the alphabet in an orchestral score, and its corresponding parts, that provides the conductor, who typically leads rehearsals, with a convenient spot to tell the orchestra to begin at places other than the start of movements or pieces.
"Mirror forms", P, R, I, and RI, of a tone row (from Arnold Schoenberg's Variations for Orchestra Op. 31, "Called mirror forms because...they are identical". [1]In music, a tone row or note row (German: Reihe or Tonreihe), also series or set, [2] is a non-repetitive ordering of a set of pitch-classes, typically of the twelve notes in musical set theory of the chromatic scale, though both ...
Typically, a double bar is used when followed by a new key signature, whether or not it marks the beginning of a new section. A repeat sign (or, repeat bar line [1]) looks like the music end, but it has two dots, one above the other, indicating that the section of music that is before is to be repeated.
Dotted notes and their equivalent durations. The curved lines, called ties, add the note values together.. In Western musical notation, a dotted note is a note with a small dot written after it.