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Breast-conserving surgery refers to an operation that aims to remove breast cancer while avoiding a mastectomy. [1] Different forms of this operation include: lumpectomy (tylectomy), wide local excision, segmental resection, and quadrantectomy.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Lumpectomy (sometimes known as a tylectomy, partial mastectomy, breast segmental resection or breast wide local excision) is a surgical removal of a discrete portion or "lump" of breast tissue, usually in the treatment of a malignant tumor or breast cancer. [1]
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given before surgery to slow the growth of a fast-growing cancer or to shrink the size of a larger breast cancer. [ 1 ] It is frequently used to treat locally advanced cancers, cancers that at the time of diagnosis are too large to be removed by surgery, which can then be removed with less extensive surgery.
Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely.A mastectomy is usually carried out to treat breast cancer. [1] [2] In some cases, women believed to be at high risk of breast cancer choose to have the operation as a preventive measure. [1]
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