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This is the manner in which a steam injector operates. An additional use for the injector technology is in vacuum ejectors in continuous train braking systems, which were made compulsory in the UK by the Regulation of Railways Act 1889. A vacuum ejector uses steam pressure to draw air out of the vacuum pipe and reservoirs of continuous train brake.
The steam injector is a common device used for delivering water to steam boilers, especially in steam locomotives. It is a typical application of the injector principle used to deliver cold water to a boiler against its own pressure, using its own live or exhaust steam, replacing any mechanical pump.
Two vacuum injectors form the feed water system. In order to enable brown coal firing, the grate area was increased compared with that of the Einheitslok. The vehicles can carry up to 5.8 m 3 of water and 3.6 tonnes of coal.
Diagram of a typical modern injector or ejector. For a steam ejector, the motive fluid is steam. For water-cooled surface condensers, the shell's internal vacuum is most commonly supplied by and maintained by an external steam jet ejector system. Such an ejector system uses steam as the motive fluid to remove any non-condensible gases that may ...
A vacuum version of the Merlin 1D engine was developed for the Falcon 9 v1.1 and the Falcon Heavy second stage. [2] As of 2020, the thrust of the Merlin 1D Vacuum is 220,500 lbf (981 kN) [39] with a specific impulse of 348 seconds, [40] the highest specific impulse ever for a U.S. hydrocarbon rocket engine. [41]
The system usually consists of a tube, a one-way valve and a vacuum source (such as the inlet manifold). The unwanted gases, called "blow-by", are gases from the combustion chamber which have leaked past the piston rings. Early engines released these gases to the atmosphere simply by leaking them through the crankcase seals.
The J-2, commonly known as Rocketdyne J-2, was a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine used on NASA's Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles. Built in the United States by Rocketdyne, the J-2 burned cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH 2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants, with each engine producing 1,033.1 kN (232,250 lb f) of thrust in vacuum.
The RL10 is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine built in the United States by Aerojet Rocketdyne that burns cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants. Modern versions produce up to 110 kN (24,729 lb f) of thrust per engine in vacuum.