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An option ROM for the PC platform (i.e. the IBM PC and derived successor computer systems) is a piece of firmware that resides in ROM on an expansion card (or stored along with the main system BIOS), which gets executed to initialize the device and (optionally) add support for the device to the BIOS.
A block, a contiguous number of bytes, is the minimum unit of storage that is read from and written to a disk by a disk driver.The earliest disk drives had fixed block sizes (e.g. the IBM 350 disk storage unit (of the late 1950s) block size was 100 six-bit characters) but starting with the 1301 [8] IBM marketed subsystems that featured variable block sizes: a particular track could have blocks ...
The GUID Partition Table is specified in chapter 5 of the UEFI 2.11 specification. [ 2 ] : 111 GPT uses 64 bits for logical block addresses, allowing a maximum disk size of 2 64 sectors. For disks with 512‑byte sectors, the maximum size is 8 ZiB (2 64 × 512‑bytes) or 9.44 ZB (9.44 × 10²¹ bytes). [ 1 ]
initialize, size, and verify system main memory; initialize BIOS; pass control to other specialized extension BIOSes (if installed) identify, organize, and select which devices are available for booting; The functions above are served by the POST in all BIOS versions back to the very first. In later BIOS versions, POST will also: initialize chipset
In August 2024, Microsoft released an update to Windows 11 preview builds that allows for the creation of FAT32 partitions up to 2TB in size. [42] The maximal possible size for a file on a FAT32 volume is 4 GB minus 1 byte, or 4,294,967,295 (2 32 − 1) bytes. This limit is a consequence of the 4-byte file length entry in the directory table ...
The computer first executes a relatively small program stored in the boot ROM, which is read-only memory (ROM, and later EEPROM, NOR flash) along with some needed data, to initialize hardware devices such as CPU, motherboard, memory, storage and other I/O devices, to access the nonvolatile device (usually block device, e.g., NAND flash) or ...
Some file system APIs may also include interfaces for maintenance operations, such as creating or initializing a file system, verifying the file system for integrity, and defragmentation. Each operating system includes the APIs needed for the file systems it supports. Microsoft Windows has file system APIs for NTFS and several FAT file systems.
Windows 8.1 and later Windows operating systems support the TRIM command for NVM Express SSDs. Microsoft has released an update for Windows 7 that adds NVM Express support including TRIM for PCIe SSDs. [45] [46] TRIM is known to be supported for ReFS and NTFS, both of which implement a DisableDeleteNotify switch for disabling it. [47]