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Forensic science, also known as criminalistics, [1] is the application of science principles and methods to support legal decision-making in matters of criminal and civil law. During criminal investigation in particular, it is governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure .
Many methods that are used in forensic science evidence have been proven to be unreliable. A lot of trials have been reviewed and testimony involving mostly microscopic hair comparison, but also bite mark, shoe print, soil, fiber, and fingerprint comparisons have been overturned because forensic analysts have provided invalid testimony at the ...
Gas chromatography (GC) performs the same function as liquid chromatography, but it is used for volatile mixtures. In forensic chemistry, the most common GC instruments use mass spectrometry as their detector. [1] GC-MS can be used in investigations of arson, poisoning, and explosions to determine exactly what was used.
In a wider use of the term, fingerprints are the traces of an impression from the friction ridges of any part of a human or other primate hand. Footprints – impressions or images left behind by a person walking. Shoes have many different prints based on the sole design and the wear that it has received – this can help to identify suspects. [15]
Forensic toxicology is a multidisciplinary field that combines the principles of toxicology with expertise in disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. [1]
The use of ejection pattern studies were originally part of incident reconstruction and methods for determining shooter location continue to be explained in major crime scene examination books. [45] However, the validity of ejection pattern analysis has been brought into question by multiple studies that look at the reproducibility and end ...
Police officer of the United States Park Police Identification Unit analysing evidence. A typical crime lab has two sets of personnel: Field analysts – investigators that go to crime scenes, collect evidence, and process the scene.
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid characteristics.DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.