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Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars. ... and the cost of extraction of the element, at zero. ... Silicon: 2.3296: 282000 ...
Silicon prices sharply rose to about $80 per kilogram, and reached as much as $400/kg for long-term contracts and spot prices. In 2007, the constraints on silicon became so severe that the solar industry was forced to idle about a quarter of its cell and module manufacturing capacity—an estimated 777 MW of the then available production capacity.
Cost † Discharge efficiency Self-discharge rate Shelf life Anode Electrolyte Cathode Cutoff Nominal 100% SOC by mass by volume; year V V V MJ/kg (Wh/kg) MJ/L (Wh/L) W/kg Wh/$ ($/kWh) % %/month years Lead–acid: SLA VRLA PbAc Lead: H 2 SO 4: Lead dioxide: Yes 1881 [1] 1.75 [2] 2.1 [2] 2.23–2.32 [2] 0.11–0.14 (30–40) [2] 0.22–0.27 ...
Estimates range from $25,000 to $35,000 per kilogram of uranium. ... focus on developing new technology and cutting costs. "SpaceX combined people from Silicon Valley in the software startup ...
Elkem Solar estimates their UMG costs to be $25/kg, with a capacity of 6,000 tonnes by the end of 2010. Calisolar expects UMG technology to produce at $12/kg in 5 years with boron at 0.3 ppm and phosphorus at 0.6 ppm. [20] At $50/kg and 7.5 g/W, module manufacturers spend $0.37/W for the polysilicon.
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By 2013, polycrystalline silicon production, used mostly in solar cells, was projected to reach 200,000 metric tons per year, while monocrystalline semiconductor grade silicon was expected to remain less than 50,000 tons per year.
This coke-fired smelting process occurs at high temperatures of more than 1,000 °C and is very energy intensive, using about 11 kilowatt-hours (kW⋅h) per kilogram of silicon. [9] The energy requirements of this process per unit of silicon metal produced may be relatively inelastic.