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The classifications of substances as performance-enhancing substances are not entirely clear-cut and objective. As in other types of categorization, certain prototype performance enhancers are universally classified as such (like anabolic steroids), whereas other substances (like vitamins and protein supplements) are virtually never classified as performance enhancers despite their effects on ...
Pizotifen is a serotonin antagonist acting mainly at the 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptors. It also has some activity as an antihistamine as well as some anticholinergic activity. [ 18 ] The drug binds non-selectivey to many targets , including serotonin , dopamine , adrenergic , histamine , and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors .
Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness for dementia. [3] [4] [5] Piracetam is sold as a medication in many European countries.
SGLT2 inhibitors cause the loss of 60–100 grams (2.1–3.5 oz) glucose in the urine each day and are associated with a modest, sustained weight loss of 1.5–2 kilograms (3.3–4.4 lb) in people with type 2 diabetes.
Weight gain is an increase in body weight. This can involve an increase in muscle mass , fat deposits , excess fluids such as water or other factors. Weight gain can be a symptom of a serious medical condition.
The most common liver injuries from weight loss and bodybuilding supplements involve hepatocellular damage and jaundice. The most common supplement ingredients attributed to these injuries are catechins from green tea , anabolic steroids , and the herbal extract , aegeline . [ 2 ]
Corn syrup explained: The liquid sweetener manages the unlikely feat of being one of the most valuable and most misunderstood ingredients in the kitchen.
The first plateau (1.5 to 2.5 mg per kg body weight) is described as having euphoria, auditory changes, mild stimulation, and change in perception of gravity. The second plateau (2.5 to 7.5 mg/kg) causes intense euphoria, vivid imagination, and closed-eye hallucinations.