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A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in U.S. terminology [1]), is any in a class of vowel sounds used in many spoken languages.The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately as close as possible to the roof of the mouth as it can be without creating a constriction.
Middle English had a long close front vowel /iː/, and two long mid front vowels: the close-mid /eː/ and the open-mid /ɛː/.The three vowels generally correspond to the modern spellings i , ee and ea respectively, but other spellings are also possible.
Near-close front unrounded vowel: near-close: front: unrounded: 319: ɪ ɪ I Sound sample ⓘ Near-close front rounded vowel: near-close: front: rounded: 320: ʏ ʏ Y Sound sample ⓘ Near-close back rounded vowel: near-close: back: rounded: 321: ʊ ʊ U Sound sample ⓘ Close-mid front unrounded vowel: close-mid: front: unrounded ...
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
The feature descriptions given here (front, close, etc.) are abstracted somewhat; the actual pronunciations of these vowels are somewhat more accurately conveyed by the IPA symbols used (see Vowel for a chart indicating the meanings of these symbols; though note also the points listed below the following tables). The symbols given in the table ...
Most dialects of modern English have two close back vowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the close back rounded vowel /uː/ (realized as central [ʉː] in many dialects) found in words like goose. The STRUT vowel /ʌ/, which historically was back, is often central [ɐ] as well.
The close front unrounded vowel, or high front unrounded vowel, [1] is a type of vowel sound that occurs in most spoken languages, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet by the symbol i. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word meet —and often called long-e in American English . [ 2 ]
The Great Vowel Shift was a series of chain shifts that affected historical long vowels but left short vowels largely alone. It is one of the primary causes of the idiosyncrasies in English spelling. The shortening of ante-penultimate syllables in Middle English created many long–short pairs. The result can be seen in such words as,