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Styrene is regarded as a "known carcinogen", especially in case of eye contact, but also in case of skin contact, of ingestion and of inhalation, according to several sources. [20] [33] [34] [35] Styrene is largely metabolized into styrene oxide in humans, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450.
Residents near Cleves are being urged to leave their homes Tuesday afternoon because a rail car is leaking styrene. What to know about the chemical.
Styrene oxide is a main metabolite of styrene in humans or animals, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450. It is considered possibly carcinogenic from gavaging significant amounts into mice and rats. [4] Styrene oxide is subsequently hydrolyzed in vivo to styrene glycol by epoxide hydrolase. [5]
Humans are exposed to toxic chemicals and microplastics at all stages in the plastics life cycle. Microplastics effects on human health are of growing concern and an area of research. The tiny particles known as microplastics (MPs), have been found in various environmental and biological matrices, including air, water, food, and human tissues.
Polystyrene integrated solid foams are not commonly used in biomedical applications but have shown promise as a new drug delivery vehicle. The manipulation of the porous foam networks is a fundamental component in solid foam dosing – affecting variables such as dissolution, adsorption, and drug diffusion. [4]
The alteration can have direct or indirect effects on the DNA: the induction of mutations, mistimed event activation, and direct DNA damage leading to mutations. The permanent, heritable changes can affect either somatic cells of the organism or germ cells to be passed on to future generations. [1]
Category 1: Substances known to be carcinogenic to humans. Category 2: Substances which should be regarded as if they are carcinogenic to humans. Category 3: Substances which cause concern for humans, owing to possible carcinogenic effects but in respect of which the available information is not adequate for making a satisfactory assessment.
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison [1] produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. [2] They occur especially as proteins , often conjugated . [ 3 ] The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), [ 4 ] derived from toxic .