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Start by setting [4] = = = + Then iterate + = + + = (+) + + = (+ +) + + + Then p k converges quadratically to π; that is, each iteration approximately doubles the number of correct digits.The algorithm is not self-correcting; each iteration must be performed with the desired number of correct digits for π 's final result.
To calculate 16 n−k mod (8k + 1) quickly and efficiently, the modular exponentiation algorithm is done at the same loop level, not nested. When its running 16x product becomes greater than one, the modulus is taken, just as for the running total in each sum. Now to complete the calculation, this must be applied to each of the four sums in turn.
The formula is a special case of the Euler–Boole summation formula for alternating series, providing yet another example of a convergence acceleration technique that can be applied to the Leibniz series. In 1992, Jonathan Borwein and Mark Limber used the first thousand Euler numbers to calculate π to 5,263 decimal places with the Leibniz ...
Found several rapidly converging infinite series of π, which can compute 8 decimal places of π with each term in the series. Since the 1980s, his series have become the basis for the fastest algorithms currently used by Yasumasa Kanada and the Chudnovsky brothers to compute π. 1946 D. F. Ferguson: Made use of a desk calculator [24] 620: 1947 ...
Comparison of the convergence of two Madhava series (the one with √ 12 in dark blue) and several historical infinite series for π. S n is the approximation after taking n terms. Each subsequent subplot magnifies the shaded area horizontally by 10 times.
Comparison of the convergence of two Madhava series (the one with √ 12 in dark blue) and several historical infinite series for π. S n is the approximation after taking n terms. Each subsequent subplot magnifies the shaded area horizontally by 10 times. (click for detail)
An m-1-term, σ-approximated summation for a series of period T can be written as follows: = + = () [ + ()], in terms of the normalized sinc function: = . and are the typical Fourier Series coefficients, and p, a non negative parameter, determines the amount of smoothening applied, where higher values of p further reduce the ...
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