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Fort William is a fort in Hastings, Calcutta (Kolkata). It was built during the early years of Britain's administration of Bengal . It sits on the eastern banks of the River Hooghly , the major distributary of the River Ganga .
Fort William was established to protect the East India Company's trade in the city of Calcutta, the principal city of the Bengal Presidency.In 1756 India, there existed the possibility of a battle with the military forces of the French East India Company, so the British reinforced the fort.
After this, the Bengal province was later merged with the Presidency of Fort William but under the suzerainty of the Emperor until 1835. [ 6 ] In 1836, the upper territories of the Bengal Presidency were organised into the Agra Division or North-Western Provinces and administered by a lieutenant-governor within the Presidency.
The Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Calcutta, was founded in 1774 by the Regulating Act 1773.It replaced the Mayor's Court of Calcutta and was British India's highest court from 1774 until 1862, when the High Court of Calcutta was established by the Indian High Courts Act 1861.
The Governor of Bengal was the head of the executive government of the Bengal Presidency from 1834 to 1854 and again from 1912 to 1947. [1] [2] The office was initially established on 15 November 1834 as the "Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal" and was later abolished on 1 May 1854 and the responsibility of the government of the Presidency was vested in the two Lieutenant ...
The siege of Calcutta was a battle between the Bengal Subah and the British East India Company on 20 June 1756. The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, aimed to seize Calcutta to punish the company for the unauthorised construction of fortifications at Fort William. Siraj ud-Daulah caught the Company unprepared and won a decisive victory.
Warren Hastings FRS (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818) was a British colonial administrator, who served as the first governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and so the first governor-general of Bengal in 1772–1785.
Governors-General of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), 1773–1833; Warren Hastings (1732–1818) 20 October 1773 [nb 1] 8 February 1785 Regulating Act 1773; First Rohilla War (1773–1774) Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William (1774) was established; Formation of Supreme Council of Bengal (1774) First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782)