Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Paramagnetic materials include aluminium, oxygen, titanium, and iron oxide (FeO). Therefore, a simple rule of thumb is used in chemistry to determine whether a particle (atom, ion, or molecule) is paramagnetic or diamagnetic: [ 3 ] if all electrons in the particle are paired, then the substance made of this particle is diamagnetic; if it has ...
Molecular compounds that contain one or more unpaired electrons are paramagnetic. The magnitude of the paramagnetism is expressed as an effective magnetic moment, μ eff. For first-row transition metals the magnitude of μ eff is, to a first approximation, a simple function of the number of unpaired electrons, the spin-only formula.
Most iron-bearing carbonates and silicates are paramagnetic at all temperatures. [1] Some sulfides are paramagnetic, but some are strongly magnetic (see below). In addition, many of the strongly magnetic minerals discussed below are paramagnetic above a critical temperature (the Curie temperature or Néel temperature). In Table 2 are given ...
They are paramagnetic at room temperature, but become helimagnetic below their respective Néel temperatures, and then become ferromagnetic below their Curie temperatures. The elements Holmium , Terbium , and Thulium display even more complicated magnetic structures.
According to Hund's rule, the spins of unpaired electrons are aligned parallel and this gives these molecules paramagnetic properties. The most stable examples of unpaired electrons are found on the atoms and ions of lanthanides and actinides. The incomplete f-shell of these entities does not interact very strongly with the environment they are ...
Paramagnetic materials [29] produce a magnetization in the same direction as the applied magnetic field. Ferromagnetic materials and the closely related ferrimagnetic materials and antiferromagnetic materials [ 30 ] [ 31 ] can have a magnetization independent of an applied B-field with a complex relationship between the two fields.
Paramagnetic materials have a weak induced magnetization in a magnetic field, which disappears when the magnetic field is removed. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials have strong magnetization in a magnetic field, and can be magnetized to have magnetization in the absence of an external field, becoming a permanent magnet. Magnetization is ...
The Hamiltonian for an electron in a static homogeneous magnetic field in an atom is usually composed of three terms = + (+) + where is the vacuum permeability, is the Bohr magneton, is the g-factor, is the elementary charge, is the electron mass, is the orbital angular momentum operator, the spin and is the component of the position operator orthogonal to the magnetic field.