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  2. Coriolis force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force

    The practical impact of the "Coriolis effect" is mostly caused by the horizontal acceleration component produced by horizontal motion. There are other components of the Coriolis effect. Westward-traveling objects are deflected downwards, while eastward-traveling objects are deflected upwards. [44] This is known as the Eötvös effect. This ...

  3. Upwelling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling

    The three main drivers that work together to cause upwelling are wind, Coriolis effect, and Ekman transport. They operate differently for different types of upwelling, but the general effects are the same. [6] In the overall process of upwelling, winds blow across the sea surface at a particular direction, which causes a wind-water interaction.

  4. Ekman transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekman_transport

    Ekman transport is the net motion of fluid as the result of a balance between Coriolis and turbulent drag forces. In the picture above, the wind blowing North in the northern hemisphere creates a surface stress and a resulting Ekman spiral is found below it in the water column.

  5. Ekman spiral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekman_spiral

    The Ekman spiral occurs as a consequence of the Coriolis effect. The Ekman spiral is an arrangement of ocean currents: the directions of horizontal current appear to twist as the depth changes. [1] The oceanic wind driven Ekman spiral is the result of a force balance created by a shear stress force, Coriolis force and the water drag. This force ...

  6. Ocean gyre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_gyre

    Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect; planetary vorticity, horizontal friction and vertical friction determine the circulatory patterns from the wind stress curl . [ 1 ] Gyre can refer to any type of vortex in an atmosphere or a sea , [ 2 ] even one that is human-created, but it is most commonly used in terrestrial oceanography to refer to ...

  7. Ocean current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current

    An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences. [1] Depth contours, shoreline configurations, and interactions with other currents influence a current's direction and ...

  8. Dynamo theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory

    A requirement for the induction of field is a rotating fluid. Rotation in the outer core is supplied by the Coriolis effect caused by the rotation of the Earth. The Coriolis force tends to organize fluid motions and electric currents into columns (also see Taylor columns) aligned with the rotation axis.

  9. Wind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind

    The two main causes of large-scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles, and the rotation of the planet (Coriolis effect). Within the tropics and subtropics, thermal low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive monsoon circulations.