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Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) or sometimes necrotizing encephalitis or infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE) is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection. [4] Most commonly, it develops secondary to infection with influenza A, influenza B, and the human herpes virus 6. ANE can be ...
Viral encephalitis can occur either as a direct effect of an acute infection, or as one of the sequelae of a latent infection. The majority of viral cases of encephalitis have an unknown cause; however, the most common identifiable cause of viral encephalitis is from herpes simplex infection. [ 12 ]
The incidence of viral encephalitis is about 3.5 to 7.5 per 100,000 people, with the highest incidence among the young and the elderly. Viral encephalitis caused by some viruses, such as the measles virus and the mumps virus, has become less common due to widespread vaccination.
Viral Unvaccinated 30% [7]: 88 Varicella (chickenpox), in newborns Viral Untreated ≈30% Where the mothers develop the disease between 5 days prior to, or 2 days after delivery. [17]: 110 Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Viral Untreated 26% Dengue haemorrhagic fever is also known as severe dengue. [33] [34] Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) Viral
The cause of Reye syndrome is unknown. [2] It usually begins shortly after recovery from a viral infection, such as influenza or chickenpox. [1] About 90% of cases in children are associated with aspirin use. [2] Inborn errors of metabolism are also a risk factor. [3] The association with aspirin has been shown through epidemiological studies.
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), or simply herpes encephalitis, is encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus. It is estimated to affect at least 1 in 500,000 individuals per year, [1] and some studies suggest an incidence rate of 5.9 cases per 100,000 live births. [2]
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. The disease most often manifests as meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Myelitis and spinal paralysis also occurs. In about one third of cases sequelae, predominantly cognitive dysfunction, persist for a year or more. [1]
Outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) have occurred previously in the northern regions of Bihar state and eastern regions of Uttar Pradesh state of India. The first case of AES in Muzaffarpur district was recorded in 1995. [1] [2] [3] There were 143 deaths in 2013, 355 in 2014, 11 in 2015, four in 2016, 11 in 2017 and 7 in 2018.