Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Multiple definitions of the term "batch effect" have been proposed in the literature. Lazar et al. (2013) noted, "Providing a complete and unambiguous definition of the so-called batch effect is a challenging task, especially because its origins and the way it manifests in the data are not completely known or not recorded."
For example, one study [12] used serial passage in baboons to create a strain of HIV-2 that is particularly virulent to baboons. Typical strains of HIV-2 only infect baboons slowly. [ 12 ] This specificity makes it challenging for scientists to use HIV-2 in animal models of HIV-1, because the animals in the model will only show symptoms slowly.
Computerized batch processing is a method of running software programs called jobs in batches automatically. While users are required to submit the jobs, no other interaction by the user is required to process the batch. Batches may automatically be run at scheduled times as well as being run contingent on the availability of computer resources.
Anaerobic digestion can be performed as a batch process or a continuous process. In a batch system, biomass is added to the reactor at the start of the process. The reactor is then sealed for the duration of the process. In its simplest form batch processing needs inoculation with already
Many batch processes are designed on the basis of a scale-up from the laboratory, particularly for the manufacture of specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. If this is the case, the process development will produce a recipe for the manufacturing process, which has many similarities to a recipe used in cookery. [2]
A job scheduler is a computer application for controlling unattended background program execution of jobs. [1] This is commonly called batch scheduling, as execution of non-interactive jobs is often called batch processing, though traditional job and batch are distinguished and contrasted; see that page for details.
Fed-batch fermentation is a variation of batch fermentation where some of the ingredients are added during the fermentation. This allows greater control over the stages of the process. In particular, production of secondary metabolites can be increased by adding a limited quantity of nutrients during the non-exponential growth phase.
For example, if there is a mistake in the process, it can be fixed without as much loss compared to mass production. [4] This can also save money by taking less risk for newer plans and products etc. [ 5 ] As a result, this allows batch manufacturing to be changed or modified depending on company needs. [ 6 ]