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Executive Order 13175, "Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments," was issued by U.S. President Bill Clinton on November 6, 2000. [1] This executive order required federal departments and agencies to consult with Indian tribal governments when considering policies that would impact tribal communities. [2]
The history of independent tribal courts is complex and has been shaped by the federal government's policies towards Native American tribes. [5] The establishment of independent tribal courts was a result of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which aimed to promote tribal self-government and to preserve Native American culture and traditions. [6]
[2] The state law requires, besides other things, persons to provide proof of citizenship to register to vote, and requires voter-registration officials to "reject" any application for registration, including a Federal Form under the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, that is not accompanied by documentary evidence of citizenship.
Melissa L. Tatum, Research Professor of Law and associate director of the Indigenous Peoples Law and Policy Program at the University of Arizona's James E. Rogers College of Law Charlene Teters ( Spokane ), artist, educator, editor, and founding boardmember of the National Coalition on Racism in Sports and the Media
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The 1968 Indian Civil Rights Act limited tribal punishment to one year in jail and a $5,000 fine, [25] but this was expanded by the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010. While tribal nations do not enjoy direct access to U.S. courts to bring cases against individual states, as sovereign nations they do enjoy immunity against many lawsuits, [26 ...
For example, in Connecticut, state law recognizing certain tribes also protects reservations and limited self-government rights for state-recognized tribes. Non-recognized tribes is a term for "groups that have no federal designation and are not accepted as sovereign entities under U.S. law," which includes state-recognized tribes.
The governor turned down two measures aimed at mandating independent redistricting for Los Angeles. But the City Council is pushing ahead with such a plan.