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Chronic pain can develop from disease or injury and co-occur with acute pain. Children who experience chronic pain can have psychological effects. Caring for a child in pain may cause distress to the caregiver, may cause costs due to healthcare or lost wages from time off work, and may stop caregivers from leaving the house. [citation needed]
Stress may make the body more susceptible to infections, cardiovascular problems such as heart disease and high blood pressure, obesity, slower healing, viruses and gastrointestinal problems. [ 4 ] [ 28 ] Stress can affect children's growth and development, including the onset of puberty . [ 28 ]
Researchers at UCLA found that adults with the 5-HTTLPR S allele had higher cortisol levels, which can contribute both to the progression of chronic pain disorders and to less positive parenting. [45] For chronic pain patients, family support is an important factor in promoting successful pain management and rehabilitation. [46]
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of mental conditions affecting the development of the nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.According to the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, published in 2013, these conditions generally appear in early childhood, usually before children start school, and can ...
Some causes can contribute to these disorders like genetic factors (genetics, family medical history), [51] environmental factors (excessive stress, exposure to neurotoxins, pollution, viral infections, and bacterial infections), [52] [53] physical factors (traumatic brain injury, illness), [54] and prenatal factors (birth defects, exposure to ...
This pain can also be caused by psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression, which can affect the onset and severity of pain experienced. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential ...