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Ionic conductivity (denoted by λ) is a measure of a substance's tendency towards ionic conduction. Ionic conduction is the movement of ions . The phenomenon is observed in solids and solutions.
Ionic conductivity may refer to: Conductivity (electrolytic) , electrical conductivity due to an electrolyte separating into ions in solution Ionic conductivity (solid state) , electrical conductivity due to ions moving position in a crystal lattice
Conductivity measurements are used routinely in many industrial and environmental applications as a fast, inexpensive and reliable way of measuring the ionic content in a solution. [1] For example, the measurement of product conductivity is a typical way to monitor and continuously trend the performance of water purification systems.
where z is the ionic charge, and F is the Faraday constant. [9] The limiting molar conductivity of a weak electrolyte cannot be determined reliably by extrapolation. Instead it can be expressed as a sum of ionic contributions, which can be evaluated from the limiting molar conductivities of strong electrolytes containing the same ions.
Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher the resistivity). Conductivity measurements in water are often reported as specific conductance, relative to the conductivity of pure water at 25 °C.
In fact, conductivity measurements show that ionic mobility increases from Li + to Cs +, and therefore that Stokes radius decreases from Li + to Cs +. This is the opposite of the order of ionic radii for crystals and shows that in solution the smaller ions (Li +) are more extensively hydrated than the larger (Cs +). [2]
In solid electrolytes (glasses or crystals), the ionic conductivity σ i can be any value, but it should be much larger than the electronic one. Usually, solids where σ i is on the order of 0.0001 to 0.1 Ω −1 cm −1 (300 K) are called superionic conductors.
Several universal laws have been empirically formulated for ionic glasses and extended to other ionic conductors, such as the frequency dependence of electrical conductivity σ(ν) – σ(0) ~ ν p, where the exponent p depends on the material, but not on temperature, at least below ~100 K. This behavior is a fingerprint of activated hopping ...