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A hermit crab emerges from its shell, Coenobita perlatus Outside its shell, the soft, curved abdomen of hermit crabs, such as Pagurus bernhardus, is vulnerable. Hermit crab species range in size and shape, from species only a few millimeters long to Coenobita brevimanus (Indos Crab), which can approach the size of a coconut and live 12–70 years.
This land hermit crab lives in mangrove trees, are mainly nocturnal, and terrestrial species, however often prefer salt water inside of its shell. [4] The larger hermit crabs have been known to submerge their entire bodies into the sea water. The saltwater is used to bind the shell to the crabs back through the high salinity in the water. [6]
In New Zealand there are more than 60 known species of hermit crab, [5] predominantly found along the coastline in tidal rock pools and estuaries. [10] Pagurus novizealandiae is mainly found in the intertidal zones right throughout both the North and South Island, however this species is mostly found in the South Island, or on the Auckland Islands 465 km south-east of New Zealand.
Native to the Americas, these hermit crabs live on the Pacific seashore ranging from Mexico to Chile, [4] and tend to gather around tidal pools and high-tide zone. Their bodies have adapted to this seashore existence, and in captivity, they require access to seawater, as they must metabolize the salt in it and bathe in it to maintain gill moisture.
The Acadian hermit crab, also known as Pagurus acadianus, can be found in the Western Atlantic Ocean, including areas such as the Vineyard Sound. [5] In addition, the Acadian hermit crab has been cited as the most abundant species of crab in Salisbury Cove, Maine by William C. Grant, Jr, during his extensive study of hermit crabs populating this area in 1961.
Calcinus tubularis is a species of hermit crab.It is found in the Mediterranean Sea and around islands in the Atlantic Ocean, where it lives below the intertidal zone.Its carapace, eyestalks and claws are marked with numerous red spots.
It lives at depths ranging from the middle intertidal zone to 110 m (360 ft), generally lower than Pagurus samuelis. [4] It is commonly found in tide pools with sand or rock, and under rocks, logs, and seaweed, [4] and is the common hermit crab of San Francisco Bay. [3]
A Caribbean hermit crab in the Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. The Caribbean hermit crab (Coenobita clypeatus), also known as the soldier crab, [2] West Atlantic crab, tree crab, or purple pincher (due to the distinctive purple claw), is a species of land hermit crab native to the west Atlantic, Belize, southern Florida, [3] Venezuela, and the West Indies.