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Like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, as in its oxide, halides, and other compounds. In aqueous solution, like compounds of other late lanthanides, soluble ytterbium compounds form complexes with nine water molecules. Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density, melting point and boiling point ...
The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.
Lutetium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal lutetium (Lu). In these compounds, lutetium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as LuCl 3, Lu 2 O 3 and Lu 2 (SO 4) 3. [1] Aqueous solutions of most lutetium salts are colorless and form white crystalline solids upon drying, with the common exception of the iodide.
Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element, an actinide metal.. Actinide chemistry (or actinoid chemistry) is one of the main branches of nuclear chemistry that investigates the processes and molecular systems of the actinides.
Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series, and while it often shows the oxidation state of +3 characteristic of the series, it also has a stable +4 state that does not oxidize water. It is considered one of the rare-earth elements. Cerium has no known biological role in humans but is not particularly toxic, except with intense or ...
Bastnäsite is usually lacking in thorium and the heavy lanthanides, and the purification of the light lanthanides from it is less involved. The ore, after being crushed and ground, is first treated with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, evolving carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride , and silicon tetrafluoride .
Stable Z/N chart of La and Ba. Naturally occurring lanthanum (57 La) is composed of one stable (139 La) and one radioactive (138 La) isotope, with the stable isotope, 139 La, being the most abundant (99.91% natural abundance).
For all actinides, oxides AnO 3 are amphoteric and An 2 O 3, AnO 2 and An 2 O 5 are basic, they easily react with water, forming bases: [93] An 2 O 3 + 3 H 2 O → 2 An(OH) 3. These bases are poorly soluble in water and by their activity are close to the hydroxides of rare-earth metals. [93]