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Financial risk management is the practice of protecting economic value in a firm by managing exposure to financial risk - principally credit risk and market risk, with more specific variants as listed aside - as well as some aspects of operational risk.
It is focused on a long-term perspective rather than mitigating immediate risks; see, here, treasury management. The exact roles and perimeter around ALM can however vary significantly from one bank (or other financial institution) to another depending on the business model adopted and can encompass a broad area of risks.
Financial risk is any of various types of risk associated with financing, including financial transactions that include company loans in risk of default. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Often it is understood to include only downside risk , meaning the potential for financial loss and uncertainty about its extent.
Some researchers have criticised control self-assessment as a flawed approach as the way risk is defined and measured is unsophisticated. In particular, control self-assessment may understate risk by not identifying extreme downside risk. An extreme downside risk is a highly improbable event that would have catastrophic consequences if it occurred.
In financial mathematics, a risk measure is used to determine the amount of an asset or set of assets (traditionally currency) to be kept in reserve. The purpose of this reserve is to make the risks taken by financial institutions , such as banks and insurance companies, acceptable to the regulator .
Financial risk modeling is the use of formal mathematical and econometric techniques to measure, monitor and control the market risk, credit risk, and operational risk on a firm's balance sheet, on a bank's accounting ledger of tradeable financial assets, or of a fund manager's portfolio value; see Financial risk management.
As a professional role, a risk manager [8] will "oversee the organization's comprehensive insurance and risk management program, assessing and identifying risks that could impede the reputation, safety, security, or financial success of the organization", and then develop plans to minimize and / or mitigate any negative (financial) outcomes.
Market Risk (systematic risk) is the risk an investor experiences when the value of an investment decreases due to financial market factors. [11] The failure of a single company or cluster of companies could lead to the entire market crashing and the way to reduce this risk is through diversification into assets that are not co-related to the ...