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Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]
If the kidney injury is the result of dehydration, there may be thirst as well as evidence of fluid depletion on physical examination. [9] Physical examination may also provide other clues as to the underlying cause of the kidney problem, such as a rash in interstitial nephritis (or vasculitis) and a palpable bladder in obstructive nephropathy. [9]
The obstruction causes dilation of the nephron tubules and flattening of the lining of the tubules within the kidneys which in turn causes swelling of the renal calyces. [4] Hydronephrosis can either be acute or chronic. In acute hydronephrosis, full recovery of kidney function is seen.
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a medical condition involving the death of tubular epithelial cells that form the renal tubules of the kidneys.Because necrosis is often not present, the term acute tubular injury (ATI) is preferred by pathologists over the older name acute tubular necrosis (ATN). [1]
Doctors at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago have performed a kidney transplant on a patient who was awake the whole time. They say the technique used updated anesthesia methods which may ...
Kidney transplantation is generally considered a safe and effective treatment for end-stage kidney disease. However, like any surgery and medical procedure, it does carry certain risks and potential complications. Some of these risks include: Rejection: The body's immune system may recognize the transplanted kidney as foreign and attack it.
A partial nephrectomy should be attempted when there is a kidney tumor in a solitary kidney, when there are kidney tumors in both kidneys, or when removing the entire kidney could result in kidney failure and the need for dialysis. Partial nephrectomy is also the standard of care for nearly all patients with small renal masses (<4 cm in size). [22]
Causes of acute kidney injury include accidents, injuries, or complications from surgeries in which the kidneys are deprived of normal blood flow for extended periods of time. Heart-bypass surgery is an example of one such procedure. [citation needed]