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Colorectal adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. A lesion at least "high grade intramucosal neoplasia" (high grade dysplasia) has: Severe cytologic atypia [6] Cribriform architecture, consisting of juxtaposed gland lumens without stroma in between, with loss of cell polarity. Rarely, they have foci of squamous differentiation (morules). [6]
Histopathology of high-grade dysplasia in a tubulovillous adenoma, in this case seen mainly as loss of cell polarity, as cells become more plump and haphazard than the elongated and parallel nuclei of surrounding low-grade dysplasia.
It begins with normal tissue and long-term inflammation causes the cells to undergo atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and finally, becomes an adenoma or carcinoma. [2] Given this progression, these lesions represent a potentially cancerous growths and an important opportunity to prevent gastrointestinal cancer.
Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is extremely rare and patient survival is very poor and occurs mainly in men ages 38 to 83. However, one such patient treated with a radical cystectomy followed by combined S-1 and Cisplatin adjuvant chemotherapy did demonstrate promising long-term survival of 90 months.
Dysplasia is the earliest form of precancerous lesion recognizable in a biopsy. Dysplasia can be low-grade or high-grade. High-grade dysplasia may also be referred to as carcinoma in situ. Invasive carcinoma, usually simply called cancer, has the potential to invade and spread to surrounding tissues and structures, and may eventually be lethal.
The adenoma, lacking the "carcinoma" attached to the end of it, suggests that it is a benign version of the malignant adenocarcinoma. The gastroenterologist uses a colonoscopy to find and remove these adenomas and polyps to prevent them from continuing to acquire genetic changes that will lead to an invasive adenocarcinoma.
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