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Another English shorthand system creator of the 17th century was William Mason (fl. 1672–1709) who published Arts Advancement in 1682. Tombstone of Heinrich Roller, inventor of a German shorthand system, with a sample of his shorthand. Modern-looking geometric shorthand was introduced with John Byrom's New Universal Shorthand of 1720.
Anderson, Van (2011-07-19), Proposal to include Duployan Shorthands and Chinook script and Shorthand Format Controls in UCS, as approved by WG2: N4103 "11.1.5 Duployan Shorthands and Chinook script and Shorthand Format Controls in UCS", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 58, 2012-01-03: L2/14-134: Davis, Mark (2014-05-05), Fix to Script ...
A shortening is an abbreviation formed by removing at least the last letter of a word (e.g. etc. and rhino), and sometimes also containing letters not present in the full form (e.g. bike). As a general rule, use a full point after a shortening that only exists in writing (e.g. etc. ) but not for a shortening that is used in speech (e.g. rhino ).
High-frequency letter groupings within words ("g" for "-ing", "s" for "-tion", etc.), known as Phonetic Abbreviations, are also written with a single letter. In most Personal Shorthand textbooks, the entire Theory is presented in just ten lessons, after which review and practice can lead to writing speeds of 60 to 100 words per minute.
Legible Shorthand [38] 1882: Edward Pocknell: English: Leite Alves Shorthand [39] 1929: Oscar Leite Alves: Portuguese: Lightning Legible Shorthand [40] 1906 David Rose Glass English: Malone Shorthand [41] Maron Shorthand [39] 1932: Afonso Maron: Portuguese: Melin Shorthand [42] 1880: Olof Werling Melin: Swedish: Dominant Shorthand system in ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
As such, regarding is a fitting English translation with the same two initial letters as in reply. It is expressly stated in RFC 5322 3.6.5. as somewhat structuring the otherwise free-form subject field. If used, exactly one character string Re: (disregarding letter case) ought to appear at the very front of the subject line.
The original version of Speedwriting uses letters of the alphabet and a few punctuation marks to represent the sounds of English. There are abbreviations for common prefixes and suffixes; for example, uppercase N represents enter- or inter- so "entertainment" is written as Ntn-and "interrogation" is reduced to Ngj. [2]