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When a collection of p-values are available (e.g. when considering a group of studies on the same subject), the distribution of p-values is sometimes called a p-curve. [11] A p-curve can be used to assess the reliability of scientific literature, such as by detecting publication bias or p-hacking. [11] [12]
If the resulting p-value of Levene's test is less than some significance level (typically 0.05), the obtained differences in sample variances are unlikely to have occurred based on random sampling from a population with equal variances. Thus, the null hypothesis of equal variances is rejected and it is concluded that there is a difference ...
[41] [42] For instance, the certainty of the Higgs boson particle's existence was based on the 5σ criterion, which corresponds to a p-value of about 1 in 3.5 million. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] In other fields of scientific research such as genome-wide association studies , significance levels as low as 5 × 10 −8 are not uncommon [ 44 ] [ 45 ] —as the ...
This means that the p-value is a statement about the relation of the data to that hypothesis. [2] The 0.05 significance level is merely a convention. [3] [5] The 0.05 significance level (alpha level) is often used as the boundary between a statistically significant and a statistically non-significant p-value. However, this does not imply that ...
The partition coefficient, abbreviated P, is defined as a particular ratio of the concentrations of a solute between the two solvents (a biphase of liquid phases), ...
5 × 10 ^ 1: Annual: 5.7: USA NRC/ Canada CNSC occupational limit for designated Nuclear Energy Workers [9] 100 1 × 10 ^ 2: 5 years: 2.3: Canada CNSC occupational limit over a 5-year dosimetry period for designated Nuclear Energy Workers [9] 100 1 × 10 ^ 2: Acute-USA EPA acute dose level estimated to increase cancer risk 0.8% [6] 120 1.2 × ...
"The value for which P = .05, or 1 in 20, is 1.96 or nearly 2; it is convenient to take this point as a limit in judging whether a deviation is to be considered significant or not." [11] In Table 1 of the same work, he gave the more precise value 1.959964. [12] In 1970, the value truncated to 20 decimal places was calculated to be
5.24 ppm 5.24 × 10 −6: A mole fraction of... 5.24 nmol/mol 5.24 parts per billion ! 5.24 ppb ! 5.24 × 10 −9: A mole fraction of... 5.24 pmol/mol 5.24 parts per trillion ! 5.24 ppt ! 5.24 × 10 −12: A stability of... 1 (μA/A)/min: 1 part per million per minute 1 ppm/min 1 × 10 −6 /min A change of... 5 nΩ/Ω 5 parts per billion ! 5 ...