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The attenuation in the signal of ground motion intensity plays an important role in the assessment of possible strong groundshaking. A seismic wave loses energy as it propagates through the earth (seismic attenuation). This phenomenon is tied into the dispersion of the seismic energy with the distance. There are two types of dissipated energy:
Sonic artifact, in sound and music production, sonic material that is accidental or unwanted, resulting from the editing of another sound. Visual artifact, in imaging, any unwanted visual alteration introduced by the imaging equipment. Compression artifact, in computer graphics, distortion of media by the data compression.
Time gain compensation (TGC) is a setting applied in diagnostic ultrasound imaging to account for tissue attenuation. [1] By increasing the received signal intensity with depth, the artifacts in the uniformity of a B-mode image intensity are reduced.
In acoustics, acoustic attenuation is a measure of the energy loss of sound propagation through an acoustic transmission medium. Most media have viscosity and are therefore not ideal media. When sound propagates in such media, there is always thermal consumption of energy caused by viscosity.
Attenuation coefficients in fiber optics are usually expressed in units of dB/km. The medium is usually a fiber of silica glass [f] that confines the incident light beam within. Attenuation is an important factor limiting the transmission of a digital signal across large distances.
mass attenuation coefficient, also called mass extinction coefficient, is the attenuation coefficient divided by density; see mass attenuation coefficient for details; absorption cross section and scattering cross section are both quantitatively related to the attenuation coefficient; see absorption cross section and scattering cross section ...
[7] [8] [9] The useful signal that is smeared in the ambient random noise is often neglected and thus may cause fake discontinuity of seismic events and artifacts in the final migrated image. Enhancing the useful signal while preserving edge properties of the seismic profiles by attenuating random noise can help reduce interpretation ...
The attenuation coefficient of a volume, denoted μ, is defined as [6] =, where Φ e is the radiant flux;; z is the path length of the beam.; Note that for an attenuation coefficient which does not vary with z, this equation is solved along a line from =0 to as: