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Amine gas plant at a natural gas field. Amine gas treating, also known as amine scrubbing, gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various alkylamines (commonly referred to simply as amines) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) from gases.
A typical amine gas treating process flow diagram. Ionic liquids for use in CO 2 capture by absorption could follow a similar process.. A typical CO 2 absorption process consists of a feed gas, an absorption column, a stripper column, and output streams of CO 2-rich gas to be sequestered, and CO 2-poor gas to be released to the atmosphere.
CCS facilities capture carbon dioxide before it enters the atmosphere. Generally, a chemical solvent or a porous solid material is used to separate the CO 2 from other components of a plant’s exhaust stream. [30] Most commonly, the gas stream passes through an amine solvent, which binds the CO 2 molecule.
Solid sorbents for carbon capture include a diverse range of porous, solid-phase materials, including mesoporous silicas, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks.These have the potential to function as more efficient alternatives to amine gas treating processes for selectively removing CO 2 from large, stationary sources including power stations. [1]
CO 2 absorbents include primary amines which require more heat for regeneration than secondary amines However, secondary amines may form nitrosamines with Nitrogen oxides NOx in the flue gases. All non-solvent constituents must be removed from the solvent. Pilot or full-scale tests using actual flue gases and solvents may be performed. [1]
The Petra Nova carbon emissions reduction system uses an amine-based absorption system, or the KM CDR Process (Kansai Mitsubishi Carbon Dioxide Recovery). This process was developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kansai Electric Power and utilizes a high performing proprietary solvent called KS-1. [8]
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