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A taxis (from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis) 'arrangement, order'; [1] pl.: taxes / ˈ t æ k s iː z /) [2] [3] [4] is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus such as light or the presence of food. Taxes are innate behavioural responses.
The lipid globules contain a complex mixture of carotenoid pigments, which provide the screening function and the orange-red colour, [40] as well as proteins that stabilize the globules. [41] The stigma is located laterally, in a fixed plane relative to the cilia, but not directly adjacent to the basal bodies.
Chemotaxis (from chemo-+ taxis) is the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus. [1] Somatic cells , bacteria , and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment.
When injected into plants, these proteins can enter the nucleus of the plant cell, bind plant promoter sequences, and activate transcription of plant genes that aid in bacterial infection. [7] Plants have developed a defense mechanism against type III effectors that includes R (resistance) genes triggered by these effectors.
These proteins after phosphorylation become activated and allow binding of others enzymes that continue the biochemical cascade. [4] [44] [45] [46] One example of a protein that binds to adaptor proteins and become activated is PLC that is very important in the lymphocyte signal pathways.
"Fixed action pattern" is an ethological term describing an instinctive behavioral sequence that is highly stereotyped and species-characteristic. [1] Fixed action patterns are said to be produced by the innate releasing mechanism, a "hard-wired" neural network, in response to a sign/key stimulus or releaser.
Plants also have receptors that can cause a response to chitin, namely chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 and chitin elicitor-binding protein. [19] The first chitin receptor was cloned in 2006. [ 20 ] When the receptors are activated by chitin, genes related to plant defense are expressed, and jasmonate hormones are activated, which in turn ...
Two-component systems accomplish signal transduction through the phosphorylation of a response regulator (RR) by a histidine kinase (HK). Histidine kinases are typically homodimeric transmembrane proteins containing a histidine phosphotransfer domain and an ATP binding domain, though there are reported examples of histidine kinases in the atypical HWE and HisKA2 families that are not ...