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Growing to 12–20 ft (4–6 m) tall, Trachycarpus fortunei is a single-stemmed fan palm.The diameter of the trunk is up to 15–30 in (38–76 cm). Its texture is very rough, with the persistent leaf bases clasping the stem as layers of coarse dark grey-brown fibrous material.
Trachycarpus takil (the Kumaon palm) is similar to T. fortunei and probably even hardier. Other species less common in cultivation are T. geminisectus, T. princeps, T. latisectus, T. martianus, T. nanus and T. oreophilus. Trachycarpus martianus and T. latisectus do not tolerate cold as well as T. fortunei or T. takil.
Trachycarpus takil was first discovered by a Major Madden, a British Army colonel with a passion for botany stationed in the Himalayas during the 1840s. Unfortunately, while Madden produced precise descriptions of both the plant and location, he made the mistake of assuming it to be Trachycarpus martianus, failing to realize it was a separate species, thus losing the chance to claim its discovery.
It is a very fast growing palm, and can go from 3 to 15 feet (0.9 to 4.6 m) in just 5 years under the right conditions. During late spring the tree will produce small, fragrant flowers. Once fully matured, it can reach heights of up to 70 feet (21 m) in the wild; however, most do not exceed 40 feet (12 m).
Chinese windmill may refer to Byasa alcinous, a swallowtail butterfly native to eastern China and parts of the Himalayas; Byasa plutonius, a swallowtail native to western China and parts of the Himalayas; Trachycarpus fortunei, a palm tree native to central China, southern Japan, northern Burma and northern India
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