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To handle the updating, 802.11i defines a Group Key Handshake that consists of a two-way handshake: The AP sends the new GTK to each STA in the network. The GTK is encrypted using the KEK assigned to that STA, and protects the data from tampering, by use of a MIC. The STA acknowledges the new GTK and replies to the AP.
In order to mount a brute-force or dictionary based WPA password cracking attack on a Wi‑Fi user with WPA or WPA2 enabled, a hacker must first sniff the WPA 4-way handshake. This sequence can be elicited by first forcing the user offline with the deauthentication attack. [4]
The 4-way handshake involves: The AP sending a random number (ANonce) to the client. The client responding with its random number (SNonce). The AP calculating the PTK from these numbers and sending an encrypted message to the client. The client decrypting this message with the PTK, confirming successful authentication. [13]
The Noise Protocol Framework, sometimes known as Noise or Noise Framework, allows for the design of secure channel protocols between two parties. Compared to TLS 1.3, the Noise Framework (described in the public-domain Specification [1]) allows the selection of a handshake pattern and cryptographic algorithms to produce a concrete protocol having the most appropriate cryptographic properties ...
The RTS/CTS packet size threshold is 0–2347 octets.Typically, sending RTS/CTS frames does not occur unless the packet size exceeds this threshold. If the packet size that the node wants to transmit is larger than the threshold, the RTS/CTS handshake gets triggered.
It is also possible to terminate the connection by a 3-way handshake, when host A sends a FIN and host B replies with a FIN & ACK (combining two steps into one) and host A replies with an ACK. [33] Some operating systems, such as Linux and HP-UX, [citation needed] implement a half-duplex close sequence. If the host actively closes a connection ...
Handshaking is a technique of communication between two entities. However, within TCP/IP RFCs, the term "handshake" is most commonly used to reference the TCP three-way handshake. For example, the term "handshake" is not present in RFCs covering FTP or SMTP. One exception is Transport Layer Security, TLS, setup, FTP RFC 4217.
Aircrack-ng is a network software suite consisting of a detector, packet sniffer, WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK cracker and analysis tool for 802.11 wireless LANs.It works with any wireless network interface controller whose driver supports raw monitoring mode and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g traffic.