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Paracetamol toxicity is one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide. [25] In the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, paracetamol is the most common cause of drug overdoses. [20] [92] [93] Additionally, in both the United States and the United Kingdom it is the most common cause of acute liver failure. [94] [9]
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
Paracetamol, [a] or acetaminophen, [b] is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. [13] [14] [15] It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol.
Allergic reactions (e.g. dyspnoea (shortness of breath), bronchospasm, wheezing, angioneurotic oedema) Anaphylaxis; Changes in appetite; Paraesthesia (pins and needles) Hallucinations; Tremor; Respiratory depression; Epileptiform convulsions; Involuntary muscle contractions; Abnormal coordination; Syncope (fainting) Blurred vision; Dyspnoea ...
The minimum dosage at which paracetamol causes toxicity usually is 7.5 to 10g in the average person. [2] The lethal dose is usually between 10 g and 15 g. [citation needed] Concurrent alcohol intake lowers these thresholds significantly. Chronic alcoholics may be more susceptible to adverse effects due to reduced glutathione levels. [3]
Adverse effects, like therapeutic effects of drugs, are a function of dosage or drug levels at the target organs, so they may be avoided or decreased by means of careful and precise pharmacokinetics, the change of drug levels in the organism in function of time after administration. Adverse effects may also be caused by drug interaction. This ...
For individuals developing AGEP while taking multiple drugs, non-essential drugs should be discontinued and essential drugs should be replaced by chemically unrelated drugs that are used as alternatives to the discontinued drug(s). In cases of multiple drug intake, skin and/or in vitro testing may be of some use in identifying the offending drug.
Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, constipation, and vomiting. [1] [3] Serious side effects include addiction, decreased rate of breathing, low blood pressure, severe allergic reactions, and liver failure. [1] Use during pregnancy may harm the fetus. [1] Use with alcohol is not recommended. [3]