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The Maya prepared for battle but the Spanish horses and firearms quickly decided the outcome. The defeated Chontal Maya lords offered gold, food, clothing and a group of young women in tribute to the victors. [114] Among these women was a young Maya noblewoman called Malintzin, [114] who was given the Spanish name Marina.
Classic Maya social organisation was based upon the ritual authority of the ruler, rather than central control of trade and food distribution. This model of rulership was poorly structured to respond to changes, with the ruler's freedom of action being limited to traditional responses. The rulers reacted in their culturally-bound manner, by ...
Activity shifted to the northern lowlands and the Maya Highlands; this may have involved migration from the southern lowlands, because many Postclassic Maya groups had migration myths. [72] Chichen Itza and its Puuc neighbours declined dramatically in the 11th century, and this may represent the final episode of Classic Period collapse.
The Maya prepared for battle but the Spanish horses and firearms quickly decided the outcome. [83] The defeated Chontal Maya lords offered gold, food, clothing and a group of young women in tribute to the victors. [83] Among these women was a young Maya noblewoman called Malintzin, [83] who was given the Spanish name Marina.
The origins of Maya cuisine can be established by archaeological evidence, dating as early as 1500 BC and extending through the 16th century AD. [24] With maize as a significant and sustainable food source, the Maya expanded their palate and began to cultivate and incorporate many other foods into their diet.
This sculpture depicts a Maya nobleman holding cacao, which was essential in the Maya diet as a component of chocolate drinks. Pre-Columbian cuisine refers to the cuisine consumed by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas before Christopher Columbus and other European explorers explored the region and introduced crops and livestock from Europe. [1]
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[3] The power of Maya rulers not only depended on their ability to control resources, but also in managing the production and distribution of status goods as well as (non-local) commodities like salt. [2] Furthermore, Maya laborers were subject to a labor tax to build palaces, temples and public works. A ruler successful in war was able to ...