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Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer; it develops from the melanin-producing cells known as melanocytes. [1] It typically occurs in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye (uveal melanoma). [1] [2] In women, melanomas most commonly occur on the legs; while in men, on the back. [2]
The tumor can erode forward through the iris root and mimic an iris melanoma. Retinal detachment can be rarely caused by posterior extension of the tumor. Anterior uveitis is an uncommon presentation and occurs due to tumor necrosis. Cirumferentially growing tumors carry a bad prognosis as they are diagnosed late.
In recognition of his contribution, the depth of invasion of melanoma is referred to by the eponym Breslow's depth. Subsequent studies confirmed and refined the role of depth of invasion in the prognosis of malignant melanoma. [2] [3] Currently, Breslow's depth is included in the AJCC staging guidelines for melanoma as a major prognostic factor.
Treatments for melanoma result in higher survival rate than people may expect. But a key to this is early detection. Currently there is a 99% five-year survival rate for early detected melanoma.
Skin cancer (excluding basal and squamous) 3.4 Breast cancer (non-in situ) 11.3 Uterine cancer (cervix uteri) 1.2 Uterine cancer (corpus uteri) 1.2 Uterine cancer (not otherwise specified) 1.4 Ovarian cancer: 3.8 Prostate cancer: 7.8 Bladder cancer: 4.4 Renal cancer (kidney and renal pelvis cancer) 3.7 Brain cancer: 4.4 Thyroid cancer: 0.5 ...
Survival after diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma was found in a 2014 seven-year study of 3,000 patients to be poorer than for pigmented melanoma, which was attributed to the more advanced stage at diagnosis due probably to difficulty of diagnosis. The study also suggested that amelanotic melanomas might grow faster than pigmented melanomas. [4]
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