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Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT [4]) is a condition of the tongue in which the small bumps on the tongue elongate with black or brown discoloration, giving a black and hairy appearance. The appearance may be alarming, but it is a harmless condition.
Plummer–Vinson syndrome (also known as Paterson–Kelly syndrome [1] or Paterson–Brown-Kelly syndrome in the UK [2]) is a rare disease characterized by dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), iron-deficiency anemia, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), cheilosis (cracking at the corners of the mouth), and esophageal webs (thin membranes in the esophagus that can cause obstruction). [1]
Assessment of the tongue has historically been an important part of a medical examination. [12] The shape and color of the tongue is examined and observed diagnostically in traditional Chinese medicine. For example, scalloping of the tongue is said to indicate qi vacuity. [13]
Black hairy tongue is a harmless condition which causes blackening pigmentation on the dorsum of the tongue. It is a very common oral condition and affects 13% of the world population. It is often due to poor oral hygiene which leads to accumulation of oral bacteria and build up of keratin on the tongue surface.
to keep the mouth open and depress the tongue to operate within or through the mouth; operations in which it is used: tonsillectomy, operation of palate, pharynx, nasopharynx. •Jenning's mouth gag-do- Draffin's bipod metallic stand and Magauran's plate: used to hold the Boyle Davis mouth gag fitted head in a particular place. Guillotine
The sides of the tongue are inspected with a gloved hand holding a piece of gauze. The tongue is moved side to side and inspected; it should be pink, moist, smooth and glistening. Assessment of the ventral (bottom) surface of the tongue is done by having the patient touch the tip of their tongue against the roof of their mouth.
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A hairy tongue may be an indication of Epstein Barr virus infection and is usually seen in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Other systemic diseases that can cause the tongue to form aphthous ulcers are: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, Behcet's Syndrome, pemphigus vulgaris, herpes simplex, histoplasmosis, and reactive ...