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Coccidioidomycosis (/ k ɒ k ˌ s ɪ d i ɔɪ d oʊ m aɪ ˈ k oʊ s ɪ s /, kok-SID-ee-oy-doh-my-KOH-sis) is a mammalian fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. [3] It is commonly known as cocci, [ 4 ] Valley fever, [ 4 ] as well as California fever, [ 5 ] desert rheumatism, [ 5 ] or San Joaquin Valley fever. [ 5 ]
Coccidioides is a genus of dimorphic ascomycetes in the family Onygenaceae.Member species are the cause of coccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin Valley fever, an infectious fungal disease largely confined to the Western Hemisphere and endemic in the Southwestern United States. [2]
Coccidioides posadasii is a pathogenic fungus that, along with Coccidioides immitis, is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis, [1] or valley fever in humans.It resides in the soil in certain parts of the Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and some other areas in the Americas, but its evolution was connected to its animal hosts.
Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by inhalation of Coccidioides immitis. [ 1 ] : 314 Once pulmonary symptoms subside, about 30% of women and 15% of men will have allergic skin manifestations in the form of erythema nodosum .
C. immitis can cause a disease called coccidioidomycosis (valley fever). [8] [9] [10] Its incubation period varies from 7 to 21 days. [11] Coccidioidomycosis is not easily diagnosed on the basis of vital signs and symptoms, which are usually vague and nonspecific.
Some types such as blastomycosis, cryptococcus, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, affect people who live in or visit certain parts of the world. [18] Others such as aspergillosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, candidiasis, mucormycosis and talaromycosis, tend to affect people who are unable to fight infection themselves. [18]
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa.The disease spreads from one animal to another by contact with infected feces or ingestion of infected tissue.
Coccidioides immitis is a fungus known for causing coccidioidomycosis, more commonly known as Valley Fever. [24] Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system infections, like meningitis. [25] [26]