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Although not as strong as a risk factor as social adversity, [26] illness is often associated with depression. Compared to the healthy portion of the US population, those experiencing illness are 5-10 times more likely to experience depression or depression-like symptoms.
Risk factors for depression in older persons include a history of depression, social isolation, lower socioeconomic status, uncontrolled pain, co-morbid chronic medical illness, insomnia, female sex, being single or divorced, cognitive or functional impairment, brain disease, alcohol use disorder, use of certain medications, stressful life ...
Geriatric psychology began in 1978 with a spike in interest in mental health and the effects of aging. There was a slow increase in the number of aging adults in the U.S. population. There was a small group of 11 people who met together to talk about late-life mental health needs and the field of geriatrics.
Biomedical theories hold that one can age successfully by caring for physical health and minimizing loss in function, whereas psychosocial theories posit that capitalizing upon social and cognitive resources, such as a positive attitude or social support from neighbors, family, and friends, is key to aging successfully. [7]
Candidate gene analysis of 5-HTTLPR on depression was inconclusive on its effect, either alone or in combination with life stress. [ 14 ] A 2003 study proposed that a gene-environment interaction (GxE) may explain why life stress is a predictor for depressive episodes in some individuals, but not in others, depending on an allelic variation of ...
Overall, 13–20% of people will experience significant depressive symptoms at some point. [3] The overall prevalence of MDD is slightly lower, ranging from 3.7% to 6.7% of people. [3] In their lifetime, 20% to 25% of women and 7% to 12% of men will have a major depressive episode. [35] The peak period of development is between the ages of 25 ...
This effect seems to be moderated by educational attainment - higher education is associated with later diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment as neuropathological load increases. [108] Currently there are no known studies to identify a characteristic pattern of cognitive decline with age in transgender people. [citation needed]
The reduced reserve capacity of organ systems, muscle, and bone create a state where the body is not capable of coping with stressors such as illness or falls. Frailty can lead to increased risk of adverse side effects, complications, and mortality. [12] Older age by itself is not what defines frailty, it is however a syndrome found in older ...