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Karate (空手) (/ k ə ˈ r ɑː t i /; Japanese pronunciation: ⓘ; Okinawan pronunciation:), also karate-do (空手道, Karate-dō), is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It developed from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts (called te ( 手 ) , "hand"; tī in Okinawan) under the influence of Chinese martial arts .
Masatoshi Nakayama (中山 正敏, Nakayama Masatoshi, April 13, 1913 – April 15, 1987) was an internationally famous Japanese master of Shotokan karate. [1] [2] [3] He helped establish the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1949, [4] and wrote many textbooks on karate, which served to popularize his martial art.
Although the earliest evidence of martial arts goes back millennia, the true roots are difficult to reconstruct. Inherent patterns of human aggression which inspire practice of mock combat (in particular wrestling) and optimization of serious close combat as cultural universals are doubtlessly inherited from the pre-human stage and were made into an "art" from the earliest emergence of that ...
1935 – “Karate” became the official name of the Okinawan martial arts, based on the traditional art of te (hand) and the term kara (empty or unarmed). 1936 – Gichin Funakoshi published the first edition of his book Karate-Do Kyohan, documenting much of the philosophy and traditional kata (forms) of modern karate. A second edition was ...
Okinawan martial arts refers to the martial arts, such as karate, tegumi and kobudō, which originated among the indigenous people of Okinawa Island. Due to its location (between " Mainland Japan " and Taiwan ), Okinawa was influenced by various cultures with a long history of trade and cultural exchange, including Japan , China and Southeast ...
Within this book, Funakoshi lays out 20 rules by which students of karate are urged to abide in an effort to "become better human beings". [3] Funakoshi's Karate-Do Kyohan "The Master Text" remains his most detailed publication, containing sections on history, basics, kata, and kumite. The famous Shotokan Tiger by Hoan [12] adorns the hardback ...
Gichin Funakoshi laid out the Twenty Precepts of Karate [7] (or Niju kun [8]), which form the foundations of the art, before some of his students established the Japan Karate Association (JKA). Within these twenty principles, based heavily on bushido and Zen , lies the philosophy of Shotokan.
American Kenpo Karate (/ ˈ k ɛ n p oʊ /), also known as American Kenpo or Ed Parker's Kenpo Karate, is an American martial art [2] [3] founded and codified by Ed Parker. It is synthesized mainly from Japanese and Okinawan martial arts such as karate and judo, [1] with influence from Chinese martial arts. [4] [5] It is a form and descendant ...