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  2. Reverse curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_curve

    Railroad reverse ("S") curve. In civil engineering, a reverse curve (or "S" curve) is a section of the horizontal alignment of a highway or rail route in which a curve to the left or right is followed immediately by a curve in the opposite direction.

  3. Smith–Waterman algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith–Waterman_algorithm

    Sequence alignment can also reveal conserved domains and motifs. One motivation for local alignment is the difficulty of obtaining correct alignments in regions of low similarity between distantly related biological sequences, because mutations have added too much 'noise' over evolutionary time to allow for a meaningful comparison of those regions.

  4. Sequence alignment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_alignment

    Alignment of 27 avian influenza hemagglutinin protein sequences colored by residue conservation (top) and residue properties (bottom) Multiple sequence alignment is an extension of pairwise alignment to incorporate more than two sequences at a time. Multiple alignment methods try to align all of the sequences in a given query set.

  5. IBM alignment models - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_alignment_models

    The last step is called distortion instead of alignment because it is possible to produce the same translation with the same alignment in different ways. For example, in the above example, we have another way to get the same alignment: [9] ja NULL nie pôjde tak do do domu; I do not go the to house; I do not go to the house

  6. Gap penalty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_penalty

    A global alignment performs an end-to-end alignment of the query sequence with the reference sequence. Ideally, this alignment technique is most suitable for closely related sequences of similar lengths. The Needleman-Wunsch algorithm is a dynamic programming technique used to conduct global alignment. Essentially, the algorithm divides the ...

  7. Binary Alignment Map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_Alignment_Map

    Binary Alignment Map (BAM) is the comprehensive raw data of genome sequencing; [1] it consists of the lossless, compressed binary representation of the Sequence Alignment Map-files. [2] [3] BAM is the compressed binary representation of SAM (Sequence Alignment Map), a compact and index-able representation of nucleotide sequence alignments. [4]

  8. List of sequence alignment software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequence_alignment...

    Uses adaptative seeds and copes more efficiently with repeat-rich sequences (e.g. genomes). For example: it can align reads to genomes without repeat-masking, without becoming overwhelmed by repetitive hits. Yes Yes Yes Yes Free, GPL [46] 2011 MAQ Ungapped alignment that takes into account quality scores for each base. Free, GPL: mrFAST, mrsFAST

  9. Kabsch algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabsch_algorithm

    Let P and Q be two sets, each containing N points in .We want to find the transformation from Q to P.For simplicity, we will consider the three-dimensional case (=).The sets P and Q can each be represented by N × 3 matrices with the first row containing the coordinates of the first point, the second row containing the coordinates of the second point, and so on, as shown in this matrix: