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Micronutrient deficiencies are considered a public health problem worldwide. For over 30 years it has been estimated that more than two billion people of all ages are affected by this burden, [1] while a recently published study based on individual-level biomarker data estimated that there are 372 million children aged 5 years and younger, and 1.2 billion non-pregnant women of reproductive age ...
It can lead to diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, is increased to a point where it is associated with certain health conditions or increased mortality.
Worldwide, deficiencies in iodine, Vitamin A, and iron are the most common. Children and pregnant women in low-income countries are at especially high risk for micronutrient deficiencies. [26] [50] Anemia is most commonly caused by iron deficiency, but can also result from other micronutrient deficiencies and diseases. This condition can have ...
Micronutrient-related malnutrition, which includes micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies (a lack of important vitamins and minerals) or micronutrient excess; Overweight, obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers). [84]
Micronutrient deficiency, a lack of one or more of the micronutrients required for plant or animal health Avitaminosis, any disease caused by chronic or long-term vitamin deficiency or caused by a defect in metabolic conversion; Mineral deficiency, a lack of dietary minerals that are needed for an organism's proper health
Common micronutrient deficiencies are iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A. Micronutrient deficiencies can cause an increase of illness due to a compromised immune systems or abnormal physiology and development. [9] Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is another form of malnutrition that affects children.
These diseases are oftentimes discussed together, but are distinctly separate conditions of malnutrition. Kwashiorkor is marked by an array of metabolic disturbances of uncertain cause. In contrast, marasmus is more clearly an energy deficiency syndrome, marked by weight loss.
Even diets of mild protein undernutrition (7.2%) have been shown to have lasting and significant effects in rats. The following are some studies in which prenatal protein deficiency has been shown to have unfavorable consequences. Decreased brain size: Protein deficiency has been shown to affect the size and composition of brains in rhesus monkeys.