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Autoimmune disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Cit. Autoimmune enteropathy: Small intestine: Anti-enterocyte antibodies Probable Rare [24] Autoimmune hepatitis: Liver: ANA, ASMA, anti-LKM1 Confirmed 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 50,000 [25] Celiac disease: Small intestine
Among women who know they are pregnant, the miscarriage rate is roughly 10% to 20%, while rates among all fertilisation is around 30% to 50%. [1] [7] In those under the age of 35, the risk is about 10% while in those over the age of 40, the risk is about 45%. [1] Risk begins to increase around the age of 30. [7]
The optimality hypothesis states too much variability in the MHC can result in a failure of T-cells to distinguish themselves non-selves, and thereby increase the risk of autoimmune disease. This would confer greater fitness to individuals without a large degree MHC diversity. [6] [13] Autoimmune diseases are associated with MHC loci. In humans ...
Recurrent miscarriage in itself is associated with later development of coronary artery disease with an odds ratio of approximately 2, [50] increased risk of ovarian cancer, [51] increased risk of cardiovascular complications, [52] and an increased risk of all-cause mortality of 44%, 86%, and 150% for women with a history of 1, 2, or 3 ...
An autoimmune disease is a condition that results from an anomalous response of the adaptive immune system, wherein it mistakenly targets and attacks healthy, functioning parts of the body as if they were foreign organisms. [1]
Hypothyroidism is common in pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 2-3% and 0.3-0.5% for subclinical and overt hypothyroidism respectively. [8] Endemic iodine deficiency accounts for most hypothyroidism in pregnant women worldwide while chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient parts of the world.
Risk factors for developing hypothyroidism during pregnancy include iodine deficiency, history of thyroid disease, visible goiter, hypothyroidism symptoms, family history of thyroid disease, history of type 1 diabetes or autoimmune conditions, and history of infertility or fetal loss.
The International Union of Immunological Societies recognizes nine classes of primary immunodeficiencies, totaling approximately 430 conditions. [1] [2] A 2014 update of the classification guide added a 9th category and added 30 new gene defects from the prior 2009 version. [3] [4] The most recent classification was released in 2019. [5]