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2-dimensional section of Reeb foliation 3-dimensional model of Reeb foliation. In mathematics (differential geometry), a foliation is an equivalence relation on an n-manifold, the equivalence classes being connected, injectively immersed submanifolds, all of the same dimension p, modeled on the decomposition of the real coordinate space R n into the cosets x + R p of the standardly embedded ...
In mathematics, the Reeb foliation is a particular foliation of the 3-sphere, introduced by the French mathematician Georges Reeb (1920–1993). It is based on dividing the sphere into two solid tori , along a 2- torus : see Clifford torus .
Hyperbolic geometry is the most rich and least understood of the eight geometries in dimension 3 (for example, for all other geometries it is not hard to give an explicit enumeration of the finite-volume manifolds with this geometry, while this is far from being the case for hyperbolic manifolds).
The distribution/foliation is regular if and only if has constant rank, i.e. the Lie algebroid is regular. Considering, respectively, the action Lie algebroid M × g {\displaystyle M\times {\mathfrak {g}}} and the cotangent Lie algebroid T ∗ M {\displaystyle T^{*}M} , one recovers the two examples above.
A p-dimensional, class C r foliation of an n-dimensional manifold M is a decomposition of M into a union of disjoint connected submanifolds {L α} α∈A, called the leaves of the foliation, with the following property: Every point in M has a neighborhood U and a system of local, class C r coordinates x=(x 1, ⋅⋅⋅, x n) : U→R n such that ...
A Morse foliation F on a manifold M is a singular transversely oriented codimension one foliation of class with isolated singularities such that: each singularity of F is of Morse type, each singular leaf L contains a unique singularity p ; in addition, if ind p = 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {ind} p=1} then L ∖ p {\displaystyle L ...
A lens space is an example of a topological space, considered in mathematics. The term often refers to a specific class of 3-manifolds, but in general can be defined for higher dimensions. In the 3-manifold case, a lens space can be visualized as the result of gluing two solid tori together by a homeomorphism of their boundaries.
If the Hopf fibration is treated as a vector field in 3 dimensional space then there is a solution to the (compressible, non-viscous) Navier–Stokes equations of fluid dynamics in which the fluid flows along the circles of the projection of the Hopf fibration in 3 dimensional space. The size of the velocities, the density and the pressure can ...