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In discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory, a graph is a structure consisting of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects are represented by abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points ) and each of the related pairs of vertices is called an edge (also called link or line ...
In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points ) which are connected by edges (also called arcs , links or lines ).
For a graph G, let χ(G) denote the chromatic number and Δ(G) the maximum degree of G.The list coloring number ch(G) satisfies the following properties.. ch(G) ≥ χ(G).A k-list-colorable graph must in particular have a list coloring when every vertex is assigned the same list of k colors, which corresponds to a usual k-coloring.
A graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges where the vertex number 6 on the far-left is a leaf vertex or a pendant vertex. In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph ...
Pearls in Graph Theory: A Comprehensive Introduction is an undergraduate-level textbook on graph theory by Nora Hartsfield and Gerhard Ringel.It was published in 1990 by Academic Press [1] [2] [3] with a revised edition in 1994 [4] and a paperback reprint of the revised edition by Dover Books in 2003. [5]
In graph theory, a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path, or equivalently a connected acyclic undirected graph. [1] A forest is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by at most one path, or equivalently an acyclic undirected graph, or equivalently a disjoint union of trees. [2]
The De Bruijn–Erdős theorem for countable graphs can also be shown to be equivalent in axiomatic power, within a certain theory of second-order arithmetic, to Weak Kőnig's lemma. [ 16 ] For a counterexample to the theorem in models of set theory without choice, let G {\displaystyle G} be an infinite graph in which the vertices represent all ...
The telecommunications industry has also motivated advances in discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory and information theory. Formal verification of statements in logic has been necessary for software development of safety-critical systems , and advances in automated theorem proving have been driven by this need.