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The adhesion railway relies on a combination of friction and weight to start a train. The heaviest trains require the highest friction and the heaviest locomotive. The friction can vary a great deal, but it was known on early railways that sand helped, and it is still used today, even on locomotives with modern traction controls.
These include simple rail adhesion, rack railways and cable inclines (including rail mounted water tanks to carry barges). To help with braking on the descent, a non-load-bearing "brake rail" located between the running rails can be used, similar to the rail used in the Fell system, e.g. by the Snaefell Mountain Railway on the Isle of Man.
A Network Rail Railhead Treatment Train uses a high-pressure water jet to remove compressed leaf mulch from the rails in the United Kingdom.. Slippery rail, or low railhead adhesion, [1] [2] [3] is a condition of railways (railroads) where contamination of the railhead reduces the traction between the wheel and the rail.
It is the steepest adhesion railway in Switzerland with a gradient of up to 8.0% and forms part of the network of the Appenzell Railways (AB) and the St. Gallen S-Bahn (S20, S21 and S22 services). The line's two branches were completed in sections between 1889 and 1904 by the St. Gallen-Gais-Appenzell-Altstätten Railway and the Trogen Railway.
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Bearing – Mechanism to constrain relative movement to the desired motion and reduce frictions; Contact mechanics – Study of the deformation of solids that touch each other (Linear) elasticity – Physical property when materials or objects return to original shape after ...
Where the line is too steep to rely on adhesion for climbing, a rack railway may be used, in which a toothed cog wheel engages with a toothed rack rail laid between the tracks. A now little used alternative to the rack and pinion railway is the Fell system, in which traction and/or braking wheel are applied to a central rail under pressure.
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Adhesive surface forces – Molecular property; Bearing capacity – Capacity of soil to support loads; Collision – Instance of two or more bodies physically contacting each other within a short period of time; Contact dynamics – Motion of multibody systems
This consists of taking over a section of line during a quiet period. Using lineside markers each driver gets his train up to speed and then makes a Full Service brake under normal adhesion conditions. The railhead is then treated with a contaminant that has a low coefficient of friction. On the second run the driver will experience the sound ...