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Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus is a 0.6 μm pleomorphic coccus with a gram negative cell wall, [1] and is one of the few known predatory bacteria. [2] Unlike many bacteria, V. chlorellavorus is an obligate parasite, attaching to the cell wall of green algae of the genus Chlorella. [3]
Bacterial endospores are most resistant to disinfectants, but some fungi, viruses and bacteria also possess some resistance. [10] Disinfectants are used to rapidly kill bacteria. They kill off the bacteria by causing the proteins to become damaged and the outer layers of the bacteria cell to rupture. The DNA material subsequently leaks out.
There are exceptions like MRSA bacteria that can thrive on door handles surviving for days to weeks without any moisture in room temperature. Similarly, for pH, there is an optimum range for bacteria grows the faster. Generally speaking, bacteria grows the quickest in the pH range 6–8 [10] and for MRSA specifically, 7.4–7.6.
A tin of meat was exposed to a dose of radiation that was thought to kill all known forms of life, but the meat subsequently spoiled, and D. radiodurans was isolated. [1] The complete DNA sequence of D. radiodurans was published in 1999 by The Institute for Genomic Research. A detailed annotation and analysis of the genome appeared in 2001. [4]
Bacillus thuringiensis serotype israelensis (Bti) is a group of bacteria used as biological control agents for larvae stages of certain dipterans. Bti produces toxins which are effective in killing various species of mosquitoes , fungus gnats , and blackflies , while having almost no effect on other organisms.
C. botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium. [1] It is an obligate anaerobe, the organism survives in an environment that lacks oxygen.However, C. botulinum tolerates traces of oxygen due to the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. [7]
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The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent required to kill a particular bacterium. [1] It can be determined from broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests by subculturing to agar plates that do not contain the test agent.