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Ironstone china, ironstone ware or most commonly just ironstone, is a type of vitreous pottery first made in the United Kingdom in the early 19th century. It is often classed as earthenware [ 1 ] [ 2 ] although in appearance and properties it is similar to fine stoneware . [ 3 ]
The company produced ware for such entities as the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (George Washington and Chessie Cat services), the Greenbrier, the Ahwahnee Hotel at Yosemite, the Roycroft Inn, the 1939 New York World's Fair, and the U.S. Navy. [15] Changing its name to Buffalo China, Inc. in 1956, the company was one of the largest manufacturers of ...
In the 19th century, J. & G. Meakin was known for the vast quantities of cheap ironstone china it produced for the domestic English market and for export to Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. From around 1970, designs included Liberty, Sterling, Trend, Classic and Heirloom. Some of these were influenced from earlier designs.
J. W. Pankhurst was a manufacturer of stone china and ironstone pottery, located in Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England.. Pankhurst took over the pottery of William Ridgway of the Ridgway Potteries family, who had introduced white granite ware.
[1] [5] The company was known for its ironstone china and white granite ware, which were exported to many countries, especially the USA. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The company also made decorative wares with various patterns and shapes, such as Bamboo, Fishhook, Chelsea, and Bleu de Roi. [ 5 ]
On 19 January 1800, the brothers were granted a patent for the manufacture of a new kind of stoneware, the "forerunner of ironstone china" which has been called "Turner's patent". Around 1805 the patent rights were sold to Spode , who perfected it and renamed it Stone China .
In China, fine pottery largely consisted of porcelain by the Ming dynasty, and stoneware was mostly restricted to utilitarian wares and those for the poor. Exceptions to this include the unglazed Yixing clay teapot , made from a clay believed to suit tea especially well, and Shiwan ware , used for popular figures and architectural sculpture.
Miles Mason (1752–1822) was a chinaman in Fenchurch Street who sold imported porcelain from China. When these imports ceased, he developed a successful replacement – ironstone china – which was then exported to other countries.