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White-tailed deer are the normal host of the P. tenuis parasite and are immunologically adapted to its presence. Deer and P. tenuis have coadapted in an evolutionary arms race over time. Deer remain largely unaffected by the presence of P. tenuis because of the immunity they have built as a result of coadaptation.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD), sometimes called zombie deer disease, is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affecting deer.TSEs are a family of diseases thought to be caused by misfolded proteins called prions and include similar diseases such as BSE (mad cow disease) in cattle, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. [2]
Loa loa infective larvae (L3) are transmitted to humans by the deer fly vectors of the tabanid genus Chrysops—C. dimidiata and C. silacea.These carriers are blood-sucking and day-biting, and they are found in rainforest-like environments in western and central Africa.
The prevalence of infection varied from 70 to 80% in red deer and maximum parasite burden was 144 worms. In addition, sudden deaths were documented in free or game ranging deer. [1] The highest mortality was reported in free ranging roe deer in Písek County in the South Bohemia of former Czechoslovakia. In the same region, moreover, the ...
The bacterium is typically spread by ticks, deer flies, or contact with infected animals. [4] It may also be spread by drinking contaminated water or breathing in contaminated dust. [4] It does not spread directly between people. [8] Diagnosis is by blood tests or cultures of the infected site. [5] [9]
Lipoptena mazamae, the Neotropical deer ked, is a fly from the family Hippoboscidae.They are blood-feeding parasites of the white-tailed deer - Odocoileus virginianus in the southeastern United States and Central America, the red brocket deer - Mazama americana in Mexico to northern Argentina, and also an incidental parasite of domestic cattle, Cougars - Puma concolor, and man.
Setaria cervi which are parasites of buffalo, bison, deer and antelope. They are capable of migrating to central nervous system causing serious neurological disease. They are found worldwide and predominantly in Europe and Asia. Stable fly Haematobia stimulans is the major vector. Setaria digitata which are parasites of cattle in Asia. It was ...
Louse flies of birds may transmit other parasites such as those in the genus Plasmodium or other Haemoproteus parasites. Some evidence indicates that other Hippoboscidae can serve as vectors of disease agents to mammals. For example, a louse fly of the species Icosta americana was found with West Nile Virus infection from an American Kestrel.